The Relationship Between Cinema And Literature Film Studies Essay

Introduction: CINEMA and LITERATURE are connected /related to each other but still they are different in their ain ways.It has ever been one of the most absorbing signifiers of cognition which has made great impact on human mind.

From the early charming experiments till the recent release of Ron Howard ‘s Angels & A ; Demons the relationship between film and literature has ever been closely intertwined. It has proved on the whole a successful mutualism, a relationship that remains to this twenty-four hours every bit inextricable as it is fruitful.

Some half century ago, even one French movie critic proposed the inquiry as to whether the film was capable of lasting without the twin crutches of literature and theater and the reply was “ no ” .

Cinema is a nascent art, and as such, it has sought in its most vulnerable old ages succour from the old coevalss of theater and literature. This Borgesian library traversing ages, civilizations and continents, written in a 1000 languages, integrating countless doctrines and wildly incompatible divinities is the rich and fertile dirt in which film has steadfastly planted its roots and has of all time since flourished because it has recourse to the literature of millenary.

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Cinema has been a thousand old ages in the devising.

The literature of antiquity has provided eternal inspiration for cinematic heroic poems like ” The Bible ” has spawned such movies as The King of Kings ( 1961 ) , David & A ; Bathsheba ( 1951 ) , The Robe ( 1953 ) , Samson & A ; Delilah ( 1949 ) , and The Greatest Story Ever Told ( 1965 ) there are infinite others.

The narrative of the prophesier Moses was most unforgettably filmed by Cecil B. DeMille as The Ten Commandments ( 1956 ) , a movie that was an amalgam of several novels that were themselves based on the written word of the Hebrew Prophet himself

Hindi film portray ‘s adult females in more risque vesture, but that does n’t mean progress.A If anything, in their ocular and narrative portraiture of adult females, most films seem to be taking India backwards.

The British may hold left India long ago, but the compulsion with equity and the adoration of aliens has n’t lessened.A There are an overpowering figure of non-Indian adult females in dance Numberss and set downing functions, as in the instance of the Brazilian actress in “ Love Aaj Kal. ” A Even most of the stars who make it are progressively the Western ideal: just and fair-haired or the incline modelA no Sridevi ‘s or Madhuri Dixit ‘s to be found.

Movie stars represent idealised visions of female beauty, which does alter through generations.A Secondly, film secret plans are riddled with the outdated “ virgin ” or “ vamp ” characters. A The “ coquette ” is overtly sexual, as if that alone shows strength.A But, if gender is to be authorising, it has to be owned, non merely the phantasy of work forces in an point number.A Though narratives may demand certain types of characters sometimes, most of the clip in Bollywood, the modern, and frequently “ bad, ” adult female becomes the one in less apparels and the “ good ” adult female is the sacrificing, loyal one, even if it means being humiliated. A Even in comparing to decennaries ago, the handling of married womans and personal businesss is offensively regressive in films, like “ No Entry ” and “ Biwi No. 1. ”

There were more powerful female characters 30 old ages ago as in “ Sharda. ” Movies like “ Salaam Namaste ” may have strong adult females but the narrative – single twosome make up one’s minding to hold a babe is so far removed from mean Indian society that they might every bit good be fantasies.A Women menu better in the indie film scene, like “ Dor ” or “ Manner. ”

Since the origin of film, literature has attracted all originative film makers. In India, innovators like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Basu have based their movies on the plants of authors such as Sarat Chaterjee, . Satyajit Ray ‘s movie Pather Panchali, which foremost brought Indian film international acclamation, was based on the great work of literature, by celebrated author Bhibuti Bhusan Bandopadhyay. Eminent managers across the universe are still doing movies based on the plants of Shakespeare, Dickens and Hemingway. This proves, beyond uncertainty, the resistless appeal literature holds for film makers!

PROPOSED CHAPTERIZATION-

First chapter: How film and literature are related

It is said that if you ‘re traveling to see a film based on a book you think is deserving reading, read the book foremost, you can ne’er read the book with the same inventive reactivity to the writer one time you have seen the film.

Cinema is besides used in a response to poesy. The tapes and movies were chosen out of the American experimental tradition to represent assorted techniques of get marrieding the two humanistic disciplines. Poetry as the art of vocalization and cinema the art of screening, both whole on their ain, do n’t easy do a good twosome. But these movie and picture shapers have taken up the challenge anyhow by reacting to the spirit and the missive of the poet, making an original cinematic authorship. Cinema and linguistic communication meet caput on, non unified as in conventional movie, but staying distinguishable and dance, stepping on toes, courting each other with the appeals of oral cavity and oculus and head. You ‘ll see images ‘ ain sentence structure shuffled, blended, galling and dovetailing with linguistic communication ; you ‘ll hear and read poets ‘ work while seeing and hearing film makers ‘ .

The coming of film in the early 1900s quickly led to a nexus between movie and literature, the meeting of both medium going particularly important during the early 1930s, and a period that is frequently referred to as the authoritative cinematic period. Although the relationship between movie and fiction has been mostly good, frequently ensuing in increased acknowledgment for novels that were antecedently unpopular, critical survey of the convergence has often focused on the drawbacks of this adaptative and interpretative partnering. In recent old ages, the link between literature and film has seen an intense and sustained resurgence, but treatment continues among critics and referees sing the credibleness of movie versions from texts of fiction.

Analyzing the relationship between movie and fiction, critics have noted the value and restriction of each medium. A major point of treatment among bookmans is the ability of the written word to convey multiple beds of significance and consciousness, in contrast to the normally additive patterned advance of events portrayed in movie. In fact, some theorize that because of the sheer deepness and strength of novel-length narrations, the novelette or short narrative is more frequently the right length for version to have movie. Although contention surrounds the adaptative methods employed by the film writers for both texts, there is consensus about the success of both the text and movie versions of these plants.

The 2nd chapter:

Cenimatic Adaptations-

In this chapter, seek to project some of the best versions of literary plants that have of all time happened.In India, whose Hindi linguistic communication movie industry is nicknamed as Bollywood. Which routinely picks up films and novels from around the universe and transcripts them without recognition and normally stop up mangling them. But, sometimes, merely sometimes, they get it and stop up making versions that are better than the masters they are based on. I do non cognize why. Basically, Hollywood about ever ruins literary versions. There is likely something in the methods of Bollywood that suits these plants. Some of the best known plants in Bollywood are-

No.1 is PINJAR, rubric means Skeleton and this film was based on Amrita Pritam ‘s novel who is besides an anti-socialist..

NO.2 OMKARA is Vishal Bharadwaj ‘s return on Othello is set in rural UP, where gun-toting mobsters fight with each other for turf control. Bharadwaj ‘s version is really near to the original, differing merely in small secret plan details..

NO.3 SURAJ KA SATWAN GHODAN which means the 7th Equus caballus of the Sun, is another interesting movie

NO.4 UTSAV is Girish Kannad ‘s film is based on an antediluvian Sanskrit drama called Mricchakatika. But, Kannad fills his film with so many supernumeraries and have them debate theory of aesthetics that this film becomes a succesful illustration of doing your version say what the original ne’er said

The 3rd chapter:

ADAPTATIONS of-

1 ) Pinjar movie based on a Punjabi novel by the same name, written by Amrita Pritam is a narrative of Puro, a immature adult female of Hindu background, happening herself populating a lovely life – in a period circling the clip of the Partition of 1947 – with her household. All is good for Puro, the chief protagnst who finds herself betrothed to a wealthy, sweet immature adult male, from a promising household akin to her ain background. Her household lives in Amritsar but journeys to their hereditary small town of Chattovani to seek for prospective grooms. They eventually prosecute Puro to Ramchand from Rattoval, near her hereditary small town. Although her life seems to be well-charted, Puro ‘s cloud nine is tattered one twenty-four hours as a easy trip in the Fieldss beyond her place with Raj her younger sister turns traumatic as she is kidnapped by a cryptic Muslim adult male, who turns out to be Rashid.

2 ) Omkara Omkara Shukla is a baahubali, a kind of political hatchet man, leader of a pack which carries out political offenses for the local politici with ‘Langda ‘ Tyagi and the film starts with Langra seeking to and halt Omkara from kidnaping the bride where on the other manus, Dolly ‘s male parent an advocator, largely referred in the film as “ vakeel saab ” ( attorney sir ) , is ferocious and confronts Omi.He puts gun on omkara ‘s caput so, to convey a concluding solution to this issue, Dolly is made to look in forepart of her male parent and clear up that she eloped with Omi instead than being abducted forcefully. She besides tells the events of how she fell in love with Omkara. The male parent leaves experiencing betrayed and ashamed. Later in the narrative when Langda is disappointed with Omkara ‘s hapless judgement and covetous of Kesu, his younger, less-experienced, superior ; hatches a secret plan to revenge both his offenders.He On one manus, playing the function of a concerned friend Langda convinces Kesu to appeal to Dolly, Omi ‘s lover and fiancee to pacify Omi. On the other he starts to disrepute Dolly by implicating Kesu ‘s visits to inquire Dolly for her aid as meetings in an illicit love matter between the two. During the flood tide, on the dark of their nuptials, Omi is convinced that Dolly and Kesu have been holding an matter behind his dorsum. In arrant fury, he smothers his new married woman to decease. Langda shoots Kesu with a soundless blessing from Omi. Kesu is hit with a slug on his arm. Hearing gunfires and in daze, Indu enters the room where Omi is sitting following to Dolly ‘s cadaver in compunction. Indu notices the kamarbandh and references stealing it, they both understand the fatal misinterpretation and Langda as its root cause.

Both the films are versions of the novels.One of them written by an Indian writter and the other by a Britisher.They have their ain manners of authorship and the manner they presented it.But there is one common point on which both the versions are similar and that is “ The function of a adult females “ , it seems that it is a male dominating society and both the versions portray it clearly.So the following chapter would be covering with this lone.

The 4th chapter:

Females SUBJUGATED BY MALES- The portraiture of adult females in Indian film is the biggest clichI? that the discourse on gender has to turn to. But the more specific facet of this clichI? i.e. the representation of the female organic structure and the clip and infinite that accommodate it is deserving amplification. Society was really patriarchal during earlier times ; work forces were in control of all pecuniary assets. When a adult male died, his money was really passed on to the closest life male inheritor and the adult females were left penniless. While work forces and adult females were allowed to take their ain spouses, money/wealth/status was really of import and frequently matrimonies were made on those evidences entirely.

Both the secret plans trade with a really different narrative line but it shows the status of a adult females.

In pinjar the really first line says ” “ Tu janam mein hello March gayee hoti ” . Marriage is the lone possible class for the heroine ‘s life, and the chief proagnist does non look to anticipate anything more. We even acquire a intimation of the heroien ‘s abduction and the resulting uncertainties about her sexual pureness when her would be husband sings a vocal about the “ agnipariksha ” ( test by fire ) that proves Sita ‘s celibacy after her abduction by Ravan.

In omkara adult females is used as a trade good, non given any importance.The miss who is ready to go forth everything for Omkara ‘s interest is in the terminal killed by him only.She is treated severely by her hubby as she is no more sure by her hubby.

This shows that adult females are merely giving and are ever at the receiving end.They are ever dominated by males get downing from the age of Chaucer till 21st centuary.