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A temperate rainforest biome is a kind of rainforest biome happening in a mild atmosphere. This means these rainforests experience immense measures of precipitation, however, include a cooler normal temperature contrasted with tropical rainforests. The temperate rainforest is largely found from the Pacific coast of North America which is from Oregon to Alaska. There are also some found in South America (Chile), Japan, southwestern Russia, western China, New Zealand, and Australia.
Generally, they’re located mid latitude.
Biotic components of temperate forests include both plants and animals. There’re various types of plants living in temperate rainforest. Some examples are coastal redwood, fireweed, western skunk cabbage, epiphyte, cattail, salmonberry, stinging nettle, and western red cedar. There’re also many different animals living in temperate forest. Some are mountain lions, Roosevelt elks, varied thrush, and pacific tree frogs.
The abiotic factors are water, temperature, light, wind, sunlight, soil, climate, rain, hills, rocks, and air masses.
Relationships that occur in temperate rainforest include mutualism, competition, commensalism, and predation. An example of mutualism is where lichens where fungus and algae both benefit each other. Both organisms benefit as the algal creates chlorophyll, allowing photosynthesis to occur. They also supply vitamins to fungi. Cyanobacteria can create amino acids from nitrogen in the atmosphere straight away.
The fungi protect its partners from drying out and shades them from powerful sunlight by closing the photosynthesising partners using the lichen body. Commensalism also occurs such as when an opossum dens a woodchuck for warmth but not help or harm the woodchuck. Competition happens a lot such as when lots of birds and one squirrel fighting for nuts that can only feed a species. They’re fighting for food and things to support their lives. When there isn’t enough food, a competition between animals will exist. Additionally, plants have competitions as well as they’re fighting for sunlight, water, space, and other factors to survive. Lastly, for example, predation exists when the bird being a predator eating its prey which is a rodent.
The producers in the temperate rainforest are basically all the plants living there. These are ferns, mosses, shrubs, shrubs flowers, canopy level trees, conifers, hemlock, cedar, spruce, vine, maples and dogweed.
The primary consumers are small mammals, salmon, small insects, deer, elk, and small birds.
The secondary consumers are shrew, amphibians, weasels, racoon, big insects, and big birds
Producers:
2 organisms from temperate rainforest that are in competition are cougar and bear as they fight for salmon and deer.
If organisms from lower trophic level (salmon and deer) decrease in population, their predators (bear and cougar) will lose their preys and would start to die out. However, if there were less bears and cougars, it’s better for the salmon and deer population because they don’t get eaten and their population would rise. When salmon population decreases, bears would starve and die out, meaning the there’ll be less bears. But, when salmon population increases, they’ll be eaten by bears and would still decrease after wards. For cougar, if there was less deer, they would die out and if there were lots of deer, their population would still reduce as of being eaten by cougar.
Sun gives energy to producers. First order consumers consume the producers. Second order consumers the eat the first order consumers. As each stage is passed by, energy decreases and becomes less available. Energy decreases in each stage as of heat loss. Also, energy is lost because the organism being eaten had to use the energy it had. As of this, only 10% of energy is proceeded. There’s less energy because generally, the number of organisms decreases as the food chains, webs and pyramids get to the top predator.
Temperature fluctuations, light availability, or water availability
Changes in temperature and water availability can cause issues for delicate species living in temperate rainforests. Times of immoderately warm temperatures and sub-zero freezing temperatures can make trees vulnerable to death and frost abrasion. Climate changes aren’t directly evident in warming but the times and location of precipitation happening, especially having rain rather than snow in winter and in very early or late stage of extreme cold. Moreover, water availability changes can cause drought, which effects tree growth during the times when they’re most necessary. While forests depict a significant opportunity for carbon collection to diminish greenhouse gas, their capability to do so largely depends on the global system’s response to environmental conditions changes. This involve teamwork between species range, interference rule and species’ life cycle will all contribute to how well temperate rainforest ecosystems respond to changes in climatic situation.
Human populations are kind of high and are willing to harvest plants and animal’s life. As soil is a key to farming, much of it is taken to do so. Moreover, these forests have been badly changed for millenniums before substantial farming. Human changes of habitat are the biggest dangers to biodiversity all around the biosphere. Lots of natural landscapes have been separated like those of the temperate rainforests. This irregularity is why birds like peregrine falcons are getting endangered and may perhaps extinct. Farming, mining, hunting, logging, and urbanisation are some of human actions that resentfully effect this biome. In all cases, habitat disintegration and demolition cause biodiversity loss and these damages may be irreversible.
Loss of spruce, redwood and hemlock are caused by deforestation where humans used those logs for timber. However, those plant species are now at risk of extinction. Hunting animals causes biodiversity loss and extinction of endangered species, like the tiger that lives in the temperate rainforest of China. The establishment of virulent species presents a threat to native biodiversity. In Norway, temperate rainforests there had American mink flees fur farm and is now a pernicious species to sea birds. North America has over 200 imported species where 30 of them are threatening, such as the shrub common gorse, South American grasses jubata and selloana. Human actions are also responsible for habitat loss and breakage in temperate rainforests. Loss of habitat leads to some species being forced to migrate to other regions, which can threaten another ecosystem’s biodiversity. In south America, the monito del monte and pudus had endured habitat breakdown. In Australia and north America, the Albert’s lyrebird and spotted owl also lost some habitats and are now facing population decrease.
Temperate Rainforest. (2022, Apr 17). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/temperate-rainforest-essay
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