Study habits and academic stress level

This chapter presents relevant discussion of the relationship between study habits and academic stress level of the students. It will talk about the common factors that affects the academic performance of the the students. However in this chapter the researcher will discuss the primary habits of a students and how its affect their academic stress level.

Study habits

Study habits is a well planned and deliberate pattern of study, which has attained a form of consistency on the part of the students towards understanding academic subjects and passing examination (Pauk, 1962; Deese, 1952; Akinboye, 1974 cited by Oyedeji).

According to Crow and Crow, (2007), the chief purposes of study are: to acquire knowledge and habits which will be useful in meeting new situations, interpreting ideas, making judgments creating new ideas and to perfect skills. Therefore academic activity is based upon study, Everyone of us has a different study habits most of the students perform poorly in school simply because they lack in good study habits.

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Study habits of students

Although habits differ from person to person, some general principles can be derived about studying efficiently. Here are some good study habits that lead to better academic achievement. 1. Attending classes regularly 2. Taking down notes during teaching 3. Concentrating on study 4. Studying with aim of getting meaning not cramming 5. Preparing a time table 6. Following a time table 7. Having proper rest periods 8. Facing the problems regarding home environment and planning. 9. Facing the challenges posed by school environment 10. Keeping daily survey of work done Good study habits rest on the attitudes towards work and sense of responsibilities (Child,1981).

Efficient Use of Time

I'm here to tell you what I think is a key to academic survival and success. The first and most important thing I feel, at least to survival and success in the classroom, is efficient use of your time outside the classroom. Remember, there are 24 hours in a day. Set aside two to three hours each day for studying. This will leave you with five to six hours -- after we subtract time for our classes, meals, and a good night's sleep -- to do those things that we like to do much more than studying. The next thing that I feel contributes to survival and success in the classroom is periodic review of your lecture notes and the appropriate chapters in your textbooks. Periodic review and beginning to study for your exams early will save you time in the long run and it will prevent cramming. That way you can be well rested and more motivated and less anxious on test day. The last thing you can do to help get good grades is take advantage of all the academic resources at your university. (Battles, n.d.).

Effectiveness of study habits

According to Loveless (n.d.) The key to becoming an effective student is learning how to study smarter, not harder. This becomes more and more true as you advance in your education. An hour or two of studying a day is usually sufficient to make it through high school with satisfactory grades, but when college arrives, there aren't enough hours in the day to get all your studying in if you don't know how to study smarter. While some students are able to breeze through school with minimal effort, this is the exception. The vast majority of successful students achieve their success by developing and applying effective study habits. The following are the top 10 study habits employed by highly successful students. So if you want to become a successful student, don't get discouraged, don't give up, just work to develop each of the study habits below and you'll see your grades go up, your knowledge increase, and your ability to learn and assimilate information improve.

According to Grohol J, (2018) studying smarter -- can be learned to improve your ability to better retain reading material. These habits include approaching study with the right attitude, choosing the right environment, minimizing distractions, setting a realistic schedule, and employing memory games, among others. Students grapple with many issues in their lives, and because of all of the competing things for your attention, it's hard to concentrate on studying. And yet if you're in school, you have to do at least a little studying in order to progress from year to year.

Factors affecting study habits

To study the significant effect of sex differences (boys and girls) and SES (high and low) on study habits, 2x2 factorial design was used and F-ratios were calculated. F-ratios for sex differences were significant at 0.01 levels, which indicated that boys and girls differ significantly on study habits. The present finding is in consonance with the findings of Khan (2002), Bajwa (2005) and Showkeen and Khan (2014, 2014A, 2015), which also found no significance differences regarding the study habits. The reason behind this may be having differences in child rearing practices between boy and girl child.

According to Bajwa and Jindail, (2005). concluded that there is significant difference between high Socio-economic Status and low Socio-economic Status on the variable of under achievement. Bhan and Gupta (2010) examined study habits and academic achievement among the students belonging to Schedule Caste and non-Schedule Caste group. The result revealed that sex has no significant impact on the academic achievement of students

Mobile technology as study habits

Electronic devices have become more and more portable and convenient, providing nearly constant (and ever more efficient) access to the Internet and a diverse range of software applications and digital media. With this ease of access, technology is playing an increasingly large role in our mental lives, serving as a form of "extended cognition" (Barr, Pennycook, Stolz, & Fugelsang, 2015; Clark & Chalmers, 2002; Clayton, Leshner, & Almond, 2015). Also it added that mobile technology devices are more essential to a student. Mobile electronic devices are playing an increasingly pervasive role in our daily activities. Yet, there has been very little empirical research investigating how mobile technology habits might relate to individual differences in cognition and affect. The research presented in this paper provides evidence that heavier investment in mobile devices is correlated with a relatively weaker tendency to delay gratification (as measured by a delay discounting task) and a greater inclination toward impulsive behaviour (i.e., weaker impulse control, assessed behaviourally and through self-report) but is not related to individual differences in sensitivity to reward. Analyses further demonstrated that individual variation in impulse control mediates the relationship between mobile technology usage and delay of gratification. Although based on correlational results, these findings lend some backing to concerns that increased use of portable electronic devices could have negative impacts on impulse control and the ability to appropriately valuate delayed rewards.

Learning style of study habits

Awareness of the different learning style preferences of students enrolled in applied sciences courses will eventually lead to more effective learning experiences. In fact, Alavi and Toozandehjani (2017) concluded that having a background of the learning styles of students can enhance their learning and at the same time help students strengthen self-actualization. Teevan, Michael and Schlesselman (2011) also emphasize that knowledge of the learning styles can help facilitate teachers to employ suitable teaching strategies and methods to nurture students' academic performance. This will also provide both teachers and students positive feedback on their strengths and weaknesses in the teaching and learning scenario. Likewise, knowledge of the learning styles can provide implications to curriculum design allowing teachers to implement a learner-centered curriculum model in the classroom. Dalmolin, Mackeivicz, Pochapski, Pilatti and Santos (2018) suggest that determining the learning styles of students will ultimately improve their educational experience. Previous exiting literature confirms that learning styles predict students' academic performance. Jiraporncharoen, Angkurawaranon, Chockjamsai, Deesomchok and Euathrongchit (2015) studied learning styles and academic achievement of undergraduate students in Thailand found out a positive association between the two. Barman, Aziz and Yusoff (2014) also studied the learning style awareness and academic performance of students concluded that students 'awareness of their strengths such as learning style and how to utilize their strengths may improve their academic performance.

Reading habits of students

The most advanced academic institution in the use of digital books in curricula is the Open University. In the 2015/2016 academic year, students in 200 of the university's 700 courses also received digital editions of printed textbooks. The university has published three textbooks in a format that includes print and digital versions that also contain links to videos on the Internet (using QR codes). The university continues to publish print books, also in view of its findings that most students prefer print textbooks. Several years ago, the Open University reached an agreement with Google to add its textbooks to the Google Books project. According to the agreement, readers can access, at no cost, 30% of the contents of each of its textbooks. The project also refers readers to Lamda, which is the university's bookstore, where print books are available for purchase. In this manner, the Google Books project, which initially used books without permission in violation of copyrights, became an important marketing tool for the university's books

Study habits and academic performance

Study habits are also among studied variables. According to Rond?n (1991), study habits play a major role in the improvement of a student's academic performance. Similarly, Aduna and Marquez (1987) hold that deep-rooted study habits are behind sound academic performance. A review of literature on the relationship between study habits and academic performance reveals that scholars established a significant and positive relationship between levels of study habits and academic performance levels (S?nchez, 2016, S?nchez Brise?o, 2016 and Paredes Ayrac, 2008). 107 Similarly, Cepeda (2013)'s study found that the study habits and academic performance of the students of the 10th year of General Basic Education at Provincia de Bol?var High School, are dependent on one another, that is, study habits impact academic performance. Mendoza (2011) finds that the study habits of 52% of the students enrolled in the 2nd year of Agronomy at Hermilio Valdizan University in Hu?nuco (UNHEVAL) are far from appropriate, their academic performance being low, which also established the influence of study habits on academic performance. Academic Performance Among students

Academic stress level

According to Prabu (2015) most of the higher secondary students encountered moderate level of Academic stress however he added that students in private schools experience higher level of stress in government schools. While Deb (2015) stated that "students academic stress and parental pressure as well psychiatric problems were positively correlated in Indian context. Examination-related anxiety had significant positive association with pscyhiatric problem among student. " One of the academic factors that cause of stress in most students followed by physical, social, and emotional and also he added that majority of the students with stress reported that high scores of poor high self esteem and about half score high on qdepression scales (Baste and Gadkari, 2014).