In the world of Ralph Waldo Emerson, "nothing is more simple than greatness, to be simple is to be great". Emerson believed in simplifying life, he believed that the less possessions a person had the less they had to worry about. He developed a new and creative way of philosophy titled transcendentalism. Transcendentalism dealt with finding joy in nature, simplicity, and individualism. Simplicity is the state of being simple, uncomplicated, or uncompounded. Simplifying life cuts back on stress and worries.…...
I’m not conversant with Immanuel Kant’s philosophy of ethics or Hegel’s. What I observe though is the fact that every time issues of what is right is being discussed, the “Golden Rule” is used as a basis through which other frameworks are weighed. So, to jumpstart, let me quote verbatim from the Gospels and cite the Golden Rule: “Therefore, whatever you want men to do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets” (Matthew…...
You might have thought Alice in Wonderland was simply a children's tale that everyone takes too seriously however there is more viewpoint, metaphors, and spirituality in this advanced children's book than you can fit into one teapot! It appears everyone from my generation and up has actually heard the story, read the book, or viewed the film at some time in their lives. Alice in Wonderland began as a book composed in 1865 by Charles Lutwidge. It is about a…...
Alice in WonderlandCaterpillarImmanuel KantInto Thin AirMetaphysicsNietzsches
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In Albert Camus’ existential novel The Stranger, the pointlessness of life and existence is exposed and expounded upon in such a manner that the entire foundation of spirituality is shaken. The concept that drives this novel is one coined by Albert Camus himself, the “absurd”. Under the absurd, life is pointless and holds no meaning. One lives merely to fulfill the obligation of living. Also, every possible action conceivable is governed by the static tools of chance and coincidence. The…...
a group of prisoners who have been chained from birth in a cave. They are chained so that they are unable to move. All they can see in front of them, for their entire lives, is the back wall of the cave. So, there are men, who pass by the walkway and carry objects made of stone behind the curtain-wall, and they make sounds to go along with the objects. These objects are projected onto the back wall of the…...
The square opposition is a diagram that represents logical relations holding between different propositions. Traditionally, the square of opposition refers to a collection of stable relationships personified in a square table. The chart provides characteristics between two hypotheses: contradiction and contrariety. Additionally, the square of oppositions deals with conflict, denial, quantication, and suggestion and provides a foundation through which logic has been based in the past. Categorical logic refers to the generally accepted standards that manage specific arguments and offers…...
INTRODUCTION: every discipline as a root thus Metaphysics is not an exempt, it has a long history, it began in the ancient time and span through the history of philosophy as a matter of fact metaphysics is the oldest branch of philosophy according to Ayo Fadaunsi he says in reviewing the thoughts of earlier thinkers- Aristotle in his book Metaphysics distinguishes sharply between those who like Hesiod wrote of concerning the gods and those who coming later addresses themselves with…...
Martin Heidegger was a student of Husserl and even dedicated his book ‘Being and Time’ to him. However, he ended up going against a lot of Husserl’s ideas. Where Husserl’s phenomenology is a phenomenology of description of objects and how they present themselves to us, Heidegger’s is a phenomenology of understanding and interpretation. As he says in ‘Being and Time’ (1973: 25), ” Heidegger’s phenomenology is not pure, – again going against his teacher, as Husserl strove for a pure…...
Does morality stem from God? Or does it exist independently of his presence, not subject to arbitrary decisions? The first discussion over these questions appeared in Plato’s Euthyphro, in which Plato chronicles the proceedings of a highly repetitive argument between Socrates and Euthyphro, a prophet and holy man, over the nature of piety and holiness. The questions produced in this dialogue have been expanded to remain relevant even in a modern religious context. It has achieved so much fame that…...
The title of the essay was ‘what is enlightenment’ it was written in 1784, in the essay he basically replied to a question that was put forward an year earlier by Reverand Johann Zollner, he was also a government official. Reverand had posed an open question to all about removal of clergy from marriages, many people replied but the most famous one is by Kant. The essay reflected the present situation that existed when he wrote the essay. The situation…...
Qualitative research has been challenged with persistent criticisms for its unreliability, or that it is deficient relative to more quantitative approaches to social research. For research to be considered of value, it has too strongly fulfil the standards of research: validity, reliability, generalisibilty and objectivity. Concepts such as reliability and validity are generally associated with measuring in quantitative research approaches. Yet, many different opinions on reliability and validity are existent. From the 1980’s, qualitative research had been rejected on the…...
This premise does not state that God’s strengths as this argument is to prove his existence, not whether or not God is all-powerful, all-knowing and all-good. The second premise means this greatest possible being is either an imaginary being that one has thought of or, a being that we not only is not only thought of but also exists. The third premise and its sub premises states because existing in reality is greater than existing in thought, then the God…...
ArgumentsDoes god exist?MetaphysicsNietzschePhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophy
Throughout life we are constantly seeing new perceptions of things and in turn constantly changing our perception of reality. The Key concepts of Appearances and Reality were explored through the use of Paradox, Point of View and Verisimilitude, within the texts The Truman show (Peter Weir) and Relativity (Escher). These concepts were used to effectively portray the key differences, and deeper meanings of Appearance and Reality. The way in which we view an object, situation or concept, greatly affects how…...
Describe Plato allegory of the cave (25 marks) Plato is one of the most important Greek philosophers and a pupil of Socrates. He founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics which were very influential. The complex meanings that can be perceived from the "Cave" can be seen in the beginning with the presence of the prisoners who are chained in the darkness of the…...
An essay explaining First Language Acquisition What is the most realistic theory that explains human being’s acquisition of their First Language? Considering the varying theories and perspective on how 1st language is learned, it is evident that no single theory can fully account for the complexity of the issue: How 1st language is learned. Based on the previous discussions and scholarly readings we had however, I am beginning to develop a conviction that Innatist theory holds the most realistic and…...
Charles Cooley was a humanist who was conceived in 1864. He went to the University of Michigan, where he got his college certificate in designing. He returned later to think about human science. In 1918, he filled in as the leader of the American Sociological Association. Cooley is most acclaimed for his hypothesis of the looking-glass self. Who are we? We tend to think about ourselves - our personalities - as sensibly settled. I should seriously think about myself a…...
Animōrum nūlla in terrīs orīgō invenīrī potest. No origin of souls is able to be found on the earth. Nihil enim est in animīs mixtum atque concrētum, For nothing is mixed and concrete in souls, aut quod ex terrā natum atque fictum esse videātur, or the kind of things which seem to be born and formed from the earth, nihil nē aut ūmidum quidem aut flābile aut igneum. nothing not even wet or airy or fiery. Hīs enim in nātūrīs…...
In The Magus, A fantastic novel written by John Fowles, Nicholas Urfe struggles in between living in a world of fiction and discovering the tough lessons of reality. He is handled a Journey that will lead him to understand why it is best to reside in a world with flaws instead of constantly rejecting it. Throughout the book, Fowles continuously focuses on what is real and what is not. Maurice Conchis, who represents the Bourami Island and whatever on it,…...
Intuition is one of the forms of human recognition of the surrounding reality. Therefore, comprehending the essence of sixth sense presupposes a definite solution to the problems of being. At the same time, it is used by everyone rather narrowly. It was found that people use the potential of the brainwork consciously only by 10%, and the rest - 90% fall on the subconscious and is practically not used. Currently, traditional teaching methods and ubiquitous computerization are aimed at developing…...
An unbiased and ideological-free analysis of modern philosophy shows that the attainments of this century have made a significant evolution. First of all, this is a departure from a narrow, predominantly rationalistic philosophizing, oriented toward certain political views and religious (atheistic) beliefs. Throughout the century, various philosophical trends and schools have shifted to a more pluralistic and tolerant vision of the world. Coeval science formulated a whole series of new problems: technology and human, nature and global modeling. These new…...
At the end of the 19th century, Western world outlook was turning from rationalistic, philosophical systems that asserted faith in the power and triumph of a person’s thought to the opportunity of recognizing the world in the progress of mankind to philosophical systems that denied rationalism and the possibility of knowing the world, which denied the progress of society and a person. The expression of this turn was the world outlook of Nietzsche. He is one of the most brilliant…...
Baby Theresa is a very unique case. Theresa Ann Campo Pearson was an infant born in Florida 1992, with Anencephaly, which is where the two most important parts of the brain are missing, the cerebrum and cerebellum, as well as the top of the skull. Without these parts of the brain she would never have had higher brain functions or consciousness. However, there is still a brain stem connected so all the autonomic functions are still working, such as having…...
“the self is something which has a development; it is not initially there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is, develops in the given individual as a result of his relations to that process as a whole and to other individuals within that process.” * was an American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists * He is regarded as one…...
Schemas are mental representation of knowledge built through experiences from people, situation or object. Schema Theory is divided into three stages to get a better understanding of the memory processes which are “ Encoding- Transforming sensory information to meaningful memory Storage- Creates a biological trace of the memory, which is either consolidated or lost Retrieval- using stores information all the time”. “Schema is seen as a kind of framework where some information is filled in and others are left blank”.…...
In counselling and psychotherapy, it is fundamental aspect for practitioners to use theory as a way of informing the way the work with a client. (McLeod). The goal of this essay is to explore the humanistic personality theory of Carl Rogers. The essay will begin by giving a summary of key theoretical construct which includes Rogers’s view of self, his view of human condition and his rational for improvement of these conditions and then give examples to how such instances…...
Carl rogersHuman NatureMetaphysicsPhilosophyPsychologyTheory
Philosophical basis Filipino values are for the most part centered at maintaining social harmony motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted w/in the group the main sanctions against the diverging from these values are the concept of ‘hiya’ roughly translated as a sense of shame and ‘amor propio’ or self esteem. Social approval acceptance by a group and belonging to a group are major concerns. Caring about what others will think say or do are strong influences on social…...
In Giovanni Pico della Mirandola’s “Oration on the Dignity of Man,” he discusses his conceptions and ideas on the nature and the potential of human beings. Notably, in his discussion, he reconciles and combines the teachings of Islam, Judaism and Christianity into a single binding thought. He also attempted to reconcile the several contrasting teachings of Aristotle and Plato, although it is noticeable that he is more in favor of the teachings of the latter. Although his oration is great…...
JD suggests that we might consider the liberal model of work as a middle ground between the hedonistic interpretation of the convention model and human fulfillment model. Hedonistic interpretation focuses on the happiness and aims at getting whatever one wants. And it claims that individuals are free to choose their own preferences and the goal of economic activity is to satisfy preferences. That is the common point between liberal model and hedonistic interpretation. And the fulfillment school believes work can…...
In the Republic, Plato sets up a framework to help us establish what the four virtues are, and their relationship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato, the four virtues are wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians, auxiliaries, and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect, high-spirited, and appetitive. By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the soul, one will be able…...
MetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophyPlatoRing of GygesSoul
1. 0 INTRODUCTION MAN ATTAINS HIS ULTIMATE END THROUGH GOOD ACTIONS, THAT IS, IN CONFORMITY WITH LAW AND HIS CONSCIENCE. THESE GOOD ACTIONS CAN BE HELPED BY GOOD HABITS CALLED VIRTUES. VIRTUE IS NOT SOMETHING ABSTRACT POSSIBLY NO TERM IN THE HISTORY OF MORAL THOUGHT HAS STIMULATED MORE INTEREST, REFLECTION AND SPECULATION THAN THAT OF VIRTUE. VIRTUE IS NOT SOMETHING ABSTRACT AND DETACHED FROM LIFE BUT ON THE CONTRARY IT HAS DEEP ROOTS IN LIFE ITSELF. IT SPRING UP FROM…...
Meno, an influential speaker, is traveling through Athens when he encounters Socrates. Meno is a well known individual who has spoken in front of large crowds the meaning of virtue. He is a student who studied under Gorgias, another well know teacher of virtue. Socrates provokes a discussion regarding virtue when he states that, “I have never known of anyone else who did [know virtue], in my judgment. ” This prompted Meno to stand up and prove to Socrates he…...
“You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough,” –Mae West. The Transcendentalist time period relates mostly to the philosophy, “Live life to the fullest. ” Transcendentalists’ believe in self-reliance, individualism, and inner spiritual beliefs, just like any person who wants to live their life to the fullest. Every person should enjoy every moment of their lives by appreciating everything in order to follow their dreams and to live their lives to the fullest. The most…...
The first book of Aristotle’s works on logic is known as the Categories. This book tends to list the grouping into which objects naturally fall. According to Aristotle, by grouping objects, people can know them fully. These categories include the substance, quantity, quality, place, time, relation, state, position, action and affection. The substances are things such as man and horse, quantity are terms that relate to the cubits and feet. The term quality is for attributes such as white. According…...
Our five physiological senses have unknowingly fooled us – on a regular basis, no less – to the benefit of marketers and manufacturers. By exploring the psychological and physiological concepts of human perception, companies are discerning the differences of absolute and differential thresholds and applying it to marketing their products and effectively influencing consumer’s buying decisions. Once a product’s thresholds are distinguished, companies apply the results to marketing principles in manipulating consumer’s perceptions so that the reality of their product…...
Refer the theories of language acquisition (Behaviorist theories, nativist theories and interactionist theories) and write an evaluation of them.Consider the stages of language acquisition in the evaluation of these theories. Human language development is a huge debate between Nature Vs Nurture within theorists of various fields in psychology.There are three major schools of thought that will be mainly focused on; behaviourist, nativist (rationalist) and interactionist(cognitive and social). The cognitive approach and social context of language development is known as interactionist…...
The term metaphysical poets was coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion. These poets were not formally affiliated; most of them did not even know or read each other (Wikipedia). Their work is a blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or “wit”—that is,…...
Zach Helm is a writer born in California, USA and he is mostly known for the film ‘’Stranger than Fiction’’ for which he won awards such as Literary Award at PEN Centre and NBR award at National Board of Review in USA and was also nominated for the Saturn Award at Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. ‘’Stranger than Fiction’’ is a film that illuminates many philosophical themes such us existentialism, free will and determinism but this essay…...
In his Monadology, Leibniz describes the existence and nature of "Monads" or substances. Leibniz believes that it is impossible for there to be any kind of causal interaction between the Monads. Yet, he also states that each Monad reflects the system as a whole, including any change in any other Monad. So then, to explain how it is that this "mirroring" takes place, without the existence of any causal interaction, Leibniz puts forth his Principle of Pre-Established Harmony. The Principle…...
MetaphysicsPeace And HarmonyPhilosophical Theories
Descartes argues that our idea of God is innate, meaning it is something inside us from birth, something that has always been there and will always be there. He believed that everybody has an idea of God being a supremely perfect being, and comes to the conclusion in his argument, that God himself put this idea there, he even said that our idea of God is like “the mark of the craftsman stamped on his work” – us being the…...
ArgumentsDoes god exist?LogicMetaphysicsPhilosophical TheoriesPhilosophy
Thomas Aquinas' weakest argument is, without a doubt, the argument from gradation. In Aquinas' 4th method, God is specified as the Outright Being which, in a sense, is utilized as a yardstick for the measurement of all qualities. There is a belief that some things are much better than others, which can be used to all things, however can it truly be applied to everything? Is one increased better than another if equal in age and care? Who identifies which…...
...Kant’s theory has resulted in criticism and arguments from many philosophers, however whatever one thinks about this philosophy one thing cannot be ignore; i.e. its historical significance. So many years have passed yet Kant’s theories continue t...
...They explained the problem as that it is hard to explain what exactly schema theory is, and they came to point that schemas are untestable, and there is no full understanding of it. “Cohen (1993) points out that "the whole idea of a schema is too v...
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