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Geographic information (i.e.., land information, spatial information) is information that can be associated with a place name, a street address, section/township, a zip code, or coordinates of latitude and longitude.
A multitude of government functions require geographic information; at least 70 percent of all information used by local governments is geographically referenced. For example, property records and assessment, planning and zoning, permit tracking, natural resource management, infrastructure and transportation management, economic development planning, and health safety.
All of these applications consider the location of certain features on the landscape in relation to other features.
For instance, in assessment, the location of soil types relative to property parcels is considered, whereas in planning and zoning, the location of animal confinement facilities relative to residential areas might be relevant. A geographic information system (GIS) allows the user to examine and visualize these relationships.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool that allows you to create, manipulate, analyze, store and display information based on its location.
GIS makes it possible to integrate different kinds of geographic information, such as digital maps, aerial photographs, satellite images and global positioning system data (GPS), along with associated tabular database information (e.g., attributes' or characteristics about geographic features).
Using GIS, you can incorporate all of this information into a single system and execute common database operations. For example, GIS allows you to perform statistical analysis or spatial queries, to explore what-if' scenarios, and to create predictive models. GIS has shown great application in a number of field including transportation.
GIS capabilities including integration of geographical spatial-analysis and cartography.
By using Geo-spatial technology,
Literatures from the reputed national and international journals were studied for the study on the use of GIS for the management of traffic systems. The suggestions made by authors were taken into considerations. The valuable parameters over the recent years were reviewed and considered in this project.
Guisoppe Chills et al (2018) done an analyze on rural landscape by using GIS and made the historical maps combined with modern digital cartography and remote sensing images to achieve targeted rural landscape planning in Southern Italy.
Dong Bin Shin et al (2018) studied on Development of Geo-spatial Big data service system based on 7V in Korea which enormously increasing open government data ,smart devices and location based services to secure technology to store , manage , analyze and deliver service. The concept and characteristic of GSBD were implemented a 7V based GSBD system to Analyze the changes in South Korea territory and Pilot system for a GSBD service supporting it.
Yu-Ming Wang et al (2018) done a research with respective Analyze by using GIS and they controlled the Traffic Accident in Nantou Country. Then they found the time of accident takes place and the current location where the accident takes places using the application of Geographic Information system.
H.Ebru colak et al (2018) determined the intensity of traffic due to accidents(Hotspot region) using GIS and Hotspot Analysis based on network spatial weight to determine spatial statics of traffic accidental in Rige ,Turkey using two method of hotspot analysis , Network spatial weights to identify black spot for traffic safety and Kernel Density to identify traffic accidents.
Helen Thompson et al (2016) is an Overview done on Geo-spatial Method used in Uni -inteptional injury epidemiology to detect Socio economic and physical environmental factors which associates with injury incidence which applied in uni intentional injury epidemiology studies using Geo spatial epidemiology methods such as mapping,clustering and ecological analysis.
H.Sebnem Duzgun et al (2014) is about the Spatial Analysis of Two wheeled vehicles Traffic crashes took placed in osmaniye ,Turkey they have used GIS with statistical analysis method for accidental and Analyzed the road traffic accidents according to vehicle types and done Chi-square test for non-spatial analysis kernel density and K-Function for existence of clustering of hotspot and executed through (SANET)spatial analyzes on network.
A.Petrosino oliver (2013) studied on Road Traffic conflict Analysis from Geo referenced stereo sequences, It exploits traffic conflict analysis,stereo system and traffic and this Technique done by adapting driver interacts behavior with respective vehicle road characters, traffic control device and environments.
F.Benjamin ZHAN et al (2012) studied the effects of real time traffic information system on traffic performance under different network system. It Investigate the real time Traffic information system (RTTIS)Traffic network,Traffic efficiency and optimization of urban traffic and the investigation of (RTTIS) is done under parallel Grid and Ring Networks.
Nuvolone et al (2011) examines the affected respiratory health status. Geographical inform system and environmental epidemiology a cross- sectional spatial analysis of effect of traffic- related air pollution on population respiratory health status which points out the effect of traffic related air pollution on respiratory health status and also highlights value of added GIS in environmental health research.Methodology
The methodology adopted in our project work is illustrated in the flowchart 3.2. The methodology indicating the various salient activities involved in studying GIS used in the management of traffic systems from Perungalathur to Guduvancheri zone.
The Selected Zone is from Perungalathur to Guduvancheri which covers a total area of 27.05 Km2. The Total Population in the particular zone is 127414 and The Total household present in the area is 32587.
The act of scouting or exploring (especially military and survey) to gain information about a particular location is known as reconnaissance.Location chosen for this project is from Perungalathur to Guduvancheri. It is in Chennai; it is located in such a way that it connects to all the major location.
Some of the companies like Chain System India Private Limited, Accenture Pvt. LTD, Sybrant Technologies, Take Solutions, Team Pvt. LTD, Trianz, Redington Gulf FZDE, Gateway Office Parks, HTC Global Services India Pvt. LTD, Writers Information Management Services which are seen near this location and Institution like BSA CRESCENT Institute of science and technology, Kilakarai Bukhari Aalim Arabic College, Crescent school, Sri Sankara Vidyalaya Matriculation School, Sri Sankara global academy are also present near the zone which results in traffic in the morning because of the institutional busses.
Highly populated places like Anna Zoological Park, VGP ground, Government Hospital, Guduvancheri, Fish Market are located around the zones, because of this there will be constant movement of people and vehicles all the time. Also there are a lot of industries (IT and manufacturing), Banks, Schools, car and bike showrooms located near the study area.
Bus stop occupies a little portion of the main road and creates chaos and problems for the commuters and decreases the smooth flow of traffic. Most of the roads around this junction are not fully constructed which forces the commuters to take a particular road which increases the traffic at Perungalathur and Urappakam. There are a lot of pot holes in the roads which decreases the efficiency of movement of traffic flow. Also there are a lot of commercial areas around Vandalur and Guduvancheri; therefore there is constant movement of people from one place to another.
Traffic counting can be done in two ways Manual and video counting. In manual counting we have to be physically present at the site and note down the number of vehicle travelling. In video counting we can just place the camera at a particular place and we can count it at end of the day.
For this project the traffic counting is done only during the peak & non-peak hours in the mornings, afternoon and evening, manual counting is adopted here for completion of the project.
Different types of vehicle travel in different directions. Noting down the direction in which the vehicle is travelling and the type of vehicle is also a key component required for completing the project.
In a road there will be various types of vehicles travelling i.e. two wheeler, three wheelers, Light mode vehicles(LMV) like cars and Heavy mode vehicles (HMV) like Busses and trucks etc. Differentiating and noting down of each of these vehicles is a very important aspect which will help us determining the volume of traffic in a particular direction.
All the observed and recorded data's are added to GIS. A Georeferenced data is used in GIS and digitization of the road network was done on top of it; The attributes such as width of the road, no of lanes and whether the road is one way or two way was added to the GIS data. Once all the spatial and non spatial information was added the traffic analysis and the accident hot spot analysis can be performed in GIS.
We count the number of vehicles passing through the GST Road to have a better knowledge and understanding about the reasons for the traffic and congestion. These counting are done during the peak & non-peak hours and it is done for three week days i.e,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday
A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on one map. This enables people to more easily see, analyse, and understand patterns and relationships.. By the use of GIS the georeferencing, spatial reference, digitizing and hotspot analysis for accidental zones have been done.
It is the process of assigning real world coordinates to each pixel. Many times these coordinates are obtained by doing surveys- collecting coordinate with a GPS device for a few identifiable features in the image or the map. Here the georeferencing is done.
It is the process by which coordinated from a map, image, or other sources of data are converted into digital formats. This method involves scanning a map or image into a computer. The digitizer then traces the points, lines and ploygons using digitizing software.
Here the green lines indiciate the roads and red point indicate the hotspot region as shown in the following figures
The growing complexity of urban Traffic requires the use of advanced tools and various types of analysis which could simulate the traffic in real time. Although there are sufficient tools to analyse the results, in this project we have tried to demonstrate the compositional method for modelling and performance evaluation of complex traffic situations by using GIS.
By the help of GIS, the georeferencing, digitising and hotspot analysis for zones are done. From the above results, it is known that due to heavy movement of vehicles, major traffic takes places at the Perungalathur,Vandalur,Urapakkam and Guduvancheri junctions as per the survey. Due to increase in traffic volume many accidents may occur. Also the bus stand is pretty close to the road, therefore some of the buses get parked on the side of roads.
In order to reduce the traffic volume and to minimize the accidents, the alternative measures are provided. The vehicle count is also done in the selected routes and this shows that the vehicles moving in that direction are only a few and these roads can be utilised more, if they are well constructed and maintained.
GIS for Urban Traffic Management: Analyzing Congestion. (2019, Nov 16). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/geographic-information-essay
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