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In this era, the world always opts for fast and convenient ways of doing things as those who are late will be left behind and would not have time to prove their worth. One of the things that is considered time consuming is cooking as it requires a lot of steps and sometimes involve prepping first. Most of the time, working people would eat-out as it is easy and fast, so they can continue with their work afterwards.
Protein is an essential portion of a healthy diet, one of it being from meat source.
Meat is easily available all year long. Although it takes a longer time to cook up meat compared to nuts, another form of protein, it is still a more preferred option because 47% of Malaysian, from 8000 respondents, are allergic to nuts (The Malaysian Times, 2016).
The most convenient way of cooking or heating up food is when they are in pouch form because this packaged food is usually portioned for one serving, which can reduce wastage, does not require cooking skills and is also fast to be served, reduces cooking time for those in a hurry.
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Packaged food sold in market are usually ready-to-eats ones. But there are some that needs to be cooked first before it can be enjoyed. Some examples of packaged foods include crackers and granola bars- in plastic or wrapping papers, canned tuna- in a can and self-heating meals- in a pouch. Packaged food has a longer life span compared to fresh ones because it includes preservatives.
It is more preferred by those who does not have access to refrigerator, campers or just those who likes heated up food, like students and people on the go.
Mathematical method is about the variety of methods used in modelling through its application in solving real world problems. These methods include differential equations, linear algebra and vector calculus. Numerical methods must be used for cases where the partial differential equation and its boundary conditions cannot be linearized, where the reservoir shape is irregular, or when the reservoir is heterogeneous. The models are applied in many areas such as medical, cellular network, and wave transmission. These models are the core that determine how a system works.
Temperature distribution in a medium depend on the conditions at the surfaces, and the description of a heat transfer problem in a medium is not complete without a full description of the thermal conditions at the bounding surfaces of the medium. The driving force for any form of heat transfer is the temperature difference, and the larger the temperature difference, the larger the rate of heat transfer. Some heat transfer problems in engineering require the determination of the temperature distribution (the variation of temperature) throughout the medium in order to calculate some quantities of interest such as the heat transfer rate, thermal expansion, and thermal stress at some critical locations at specified times (Cengel et al, 2011).
The right selection of packaging materials and technologies maintains product quality and freshness during distribution and storage. Materials that have traditionally been used as food packaging include glass, metals (aluminum, foils and laminates, tinplate, and tin-free steel), paper and paperboards, and plastics (Marsh, 2007). Moreover, a wider variety of plastics have been introduced in both rigid and flexible forms. Today's food packages often combine several materials to exploit each material's functional or aesthetic properties. The main role of packaging is to protect the goods inside from being damage by the surrounding.
Heat penetration study is to determine the heating and cooling behavior of a product/package combination in a specific retort system for the establishment of safe thermal processes and evaluating process deviations (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2018). The coldest part in the package experiences minimum effect during the process. The main consideration in the development of processes of heat preserved food is the acquisition of accurate time/temperature graph. This is because of safety-no food spoilage, optimization-reduce process time and improvement of foo quality.
Pasteurization is a process of heating substances up to 60-90 °C for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds and yeasts. It aims to achieve a 'log reduction' in the number of viable organisms, reducing their number so that they are unlikely to cause disease. In packaged food, the temperature of pasteurization is important because it will determine how long the food inside can last in room temperature.
However, heating up different food in different packaging materials varies within the certain range of temperature in ensuring food is equally heated up. The temperature also varies depending on the technology used to heat it up such as boiling, microwave and heat pack.
The temperature required for packaged food to cook thoroughly is essential because it determines the amount of time needed. Heat penetration based on parameters above is difficult to predict and calculate.
Through using this mathematical model, it is expected to be able to predict the temperature at the different point of the food in the package. The model is also able to calculate what is the input temperature required in determining the final temperature penetrated to the food.
The scope of the project is limited to plastic, specifically polypropylene that has good resistance to chemicals and is effective at barring water vapor. Its high melting point (160?) makes it suitable for applications where thermal resistance is required, such as hot-filled and microwavable packaging. Next is the type of food used is a slab of red meat that weights approximately to 180g. Pasteurization method used is irradiation where food is exposed to intense ionizing radiation using gamma source which is produced by radioisotopes cobalt-60 and caesium-137, which are derived by neutron bombardment of cobalt-59 and as a nuclear source by-product, respectively. This study aimed at applying the theory and knowledge of thermodynamics and heat transfer in developing a temperature distribution mathematical model in study of the heat penetration.
The Importance of Efficiency in Todays Fast-Paced World. (2019, Dec 14). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/packaged-foods-essay
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