Burns Classification

To identify a small burn from a major burn, the initial step is to identify the extent of damage to body tissues. The three burn categories of first-degree burn, second-degree burn and third-degree burn will help you figure out emergency care.

1st-degree burn

The least serious burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned, however not all the method through.

* The skin is usually red
* Frequently there is swelling
* Pain sometimes exists

Treat a first-degree burn as a small burn unless it involves substantial parts of the hands, feet, face, groin or butts, or a major joint, which needs emergency situation medical attention.

2nd-degree burn

When the very first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin (dermis) also is burned, the injury is called a second-degree burn. * Blisters establish
* Skin handles an extremely reddened, splotchy look
* There is serious discomfort and swelling.

If the second-degree burn is no bigger than 3 inches (7.

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6 centimeters) in size, treat it as a minor burn. If the scorched area is bigger or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or over a major joint, treat it as a major burn and get medical assistance instantly. For small burns, including first-degree burns and second-degree burns limited to an area no larger than 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in size, take the following action:

* Cool the burn. Hold the burned location under cool (not cold) running water for 10 or 15 minutes or up until the pain subsides.

If this is impractical, immerse the burn in cool water or cool it with cold compresses. Cooling the burn minimizes swelling by conducting heat far from the skin. Don't put ice on the burn.

* Cover the burn with a sterilized gauze bandage. Don't use fluffy cotton, or other material that might get lint in the wound. Wrap the gauze loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the burn, minimizes discomfort and secures blistered skin.

* Take an over-the-counter pain reliever. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others). Use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. Though aspirin is approved for use in children older than age 2, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like symptoms should never take aspirin. Talk to your doctor if you have concerns. Minor burns usually heal without further treatment. They may heal with pigment changes, meaning the healed area may be a different color from the surrounding skin. Watch for signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, fever, swelling or oozing. If infection develops, seek medical help. Avoid re-injuring or tanning if the burns are less than a year old — doing so may cause more extensive pigmentation changes. Use sunscreen on the area for at least a year.

Caution

* Don't use ice. Putting ice directly on a burn can cause a person's body to become too cold and cause further damage to the wound. * Don't apply egg whites, butter or ointments to the burn. This could cause infection. * Don't break blisters. Broken blisters are more vulnerable to infection. 3rd-degree burn

The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin and cause permanent tissue damage. Fat, muscle and even bone may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white. Difficulty inhaling and exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic effects may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the burn. For major burns, call 911 or emergency medical help. Until an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:

1. Don't remove burned clothing. However, do make sure the victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials or exposed to smoke or heat.

2. Don't immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing so could cause a drop in body temperature (hypothermia) and deterioration of blood pressure and circulation (shock).

3. Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement). If there is no breathing or other sign of circulation, begin CPR.

4. Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above heart level, when possible.

5. Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist, sterile bandage; clean, moist cloth; or moist cloth towels. Get a tetanus shot. Burns are susceptible to tetanus. Doctors recommend you get a tetanus shot every 10 years. If your last shot was more than five years ago, your doctor may recommend a tetanus shot booster.